多囊卵巢综合征

HISTORY: A 31-year-old female with a history of irregular menses

病症：女，31岁，子宫不规律性。

FINDINGS:

Pelvic ultrasound and T2-weighted MRI demonstrates an enlarged ovary with>12 subcentimeter peripheral follicles surrounding a prominent hyperechoic (US) and hypointense (MRI) ovarian stroma. No evidence of dominant follicle.

底片乏善可陈：盆腔超声和MRI T2WI显示睾丸减少，区域内囊蒸多于12亚厘米。区域内睾丸基质在超声上强回音，MRI上低讯号。唯优势卵蒸。

DIAGNOSIS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

诊断：多囊睾丸症

DISCUSSION:

Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility. PCOS is an endocrinologic disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Furthermore, PCOS has a classic triad of obesity, amenorrhea, and hirsutism; but only half of patients present with this combination.

争论：多囊睾丸症也叫S-L症。是女开放性早产的最常见原因。主要是由于肾脏紊乱致使长期以来无月经周期和荷尔蒙分泌过盛。PCOS十分相似三联征：肥胖、闭经和多毛病症。但全部都是半数高血压乏善可陈为此三联病症。

Therefore, imaging evaluation tends to follow to gain further information . Typical US/MRI findings include enlarged, rounded ovaries with numerous small, peripherally located follicles and stroma showing increased echogenicity (US) or decreased signal on T2-weighted imaging (MRI). Long-term follow-up should be recommended in such patients as PCOS patients he an increased risk of breast and uterine cancer secondary to unopposed high estrogen levels .

因此，需采行底片检查有利于获取更多信息。十分相似的超声/MRI征象包含：睾丸减少、变圆，肺脏多发口内蒸，睾丸基质US上强回音，T2WI低讯号。PCOS高血压建议长期以来随访，因长期以来荷尔蒙高水平过高，就会继发乳腺癌和子宫癌。

（以上基调节选自头部底片高血压----）

Notes:

1. Polycystic ovary syndrome [ˌpɑliˈsɪstɪk ˈovəri ˈsɪnˌdrom] 多囊睾丸症

2. menses ['mensi:z] n. 子宫

3. peripheral [pəˈrɪfərəl] adj. 肺脏的

4. follicles n. 口内

5. hyperechoic [haɪpɪre'kɔɪk] 强回音的

6. infertility [ˌɪnfɚˈtɪlɪti] n. 不育

7. endocrinologic 肾脏的

8. anovulation [ænɒvjʊ'leɪʃn] n. 停止月经周期

9. hyperandrogenism [haɪpə'rændrɒdʒɪnɪzəm] 荷尔蒙过多病症

10. amenorrhea [eɪˌmenə'ri:ə] n. 体重增加

11. hirsutism ['hɜ:su:ˌtɪzəm] n. 多毛病症

12. ovary [ˈoʊvəri] n. 睾丸

13. stroma ['stroʊmə] n. 基质

14. echogenicity [ekədʒe'nɪsɪtɪ] 转化成回音（开放性）

15. estrogen [ˈɛstrədʒən] n. 荷尔蒙

原曲名：165.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)多囊睾丸症